Abstract

The interactions between biomass-based nanomaterials' surfaces are the focus of this summary of recent developments. For a sustainable, circular bioeconomy, plant biomass-based nanoparticles like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams have a lot of potential for the creation of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions. Worldwide, infectious diseases account for the majority of deaths, and viruses in particular have a significant impact on healthcare and socioeconomic development. Likewise, the quick improvement of medication protection from as of now accessible treatments and unfriendly incidental effects because of delayed use is a serious general wellbeing concern. The improvement of novel treatment methodologies is accordingly required. The biomedical field is rapidly changing as a result of the advantages offered by the interaction of nanostructures with microorganisms in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The unique physical properties of nanoparticles have advantages for drug delivery. These are mostly because of the particle's size, which has an effect on bioavailability and the amount of time it takes to circulate, its large surface area to volume ratio, which makes it more soluble than smaller particles, its variable surface charge, which makes it possible to encapsulate drugs, and the large drug payloads that can be accommodated. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are ideal candidates for investigation in order to achieve or enhance therapeutic effects because of their properties, which are distinct from those of bulk materials of the same composition. A comprehensive overview of the use of nanoscale materials to treat common viral infections is provided in this review.

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