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Thermal Management System Of Cooling Technology For Battery: A Review

Nisreen M. Rahmah

1-14

Vol 20, Jul-Dec, 2024

Date of Submission: 2024-06-14 Date of Acceptance: 2024-07-30 Date of Publication: 2024-08-19

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a popular mode of transportation due to their low cost, speed, and energy-efficient battery technology. Among the components of a vehicle, the battery thermal management system (BTMS) is critical in maintaining appropriate battery temperature levels during charging and discharge. Researchers are working on techniques to keep batteries within the temperature range while minimizing temperature fluctuations. Effective cooling solutions can increase battery efficiency, maintain safety, and extend the life of EVs. This review looks at BTMS technologies such as forced airflow liquid cooling techniques (direct and indirect) and heat pipe cooling systems. While air-cooled BTMS systems are simple and reliable, they may be limited in handling high-capacity batteries due to the heat capacity and efficiency of air as a cooling medium. For charging/discharging scenarios, forced air cooled BTMS is used, in which airflow is channelled through channels within the battery packs to cool them. Liquid-cooled Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) are gaining popularity as a cooling solution. To avoid leaks, the sealing cover must be carefully considered throughout the design phase. Incorporating metal plates into the channel configuration can significantly improve cooling effectiveness, but the total weight of the system remains a major concern. Because of their heat conductivity, metals, nanofluids, and boiling liquids are considered excellent solutions for battery cooling. The development of cooling systems that incorporate fins, nanofluids, phase change materials (PCM), and microchannels is predicted to improve battery performance during rapid charging and discharging. The emphasis should be on producing a cost-effective design.

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